Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 78 women with EOC (Stage IIIC-IV) who underwent NACT at Imam Khomeini hospital, Tehran, Iran were evaluated. Demographic characteristics, aged at diagnosis, severity and stage of disease, serum CA-125 level, histological type, tumor pathology before and after chemotherapy, overall survival, and recurrence of disease was examined.

Results: In total, 78 women with mean age of 52.83 ± 10.18 (between of 29 to 77) years were evaluated. The majority of the patients had positive initial ascitic fluid cytology for malignancy (68.9%). After surgery, papillary serous was the most common histologic finding (73, 81.1%). CA-125 level post NACT (median of 25 U/mL) was significantly reduced compare to before NACT (median of 980 U/mL; P < 0.0001), and the rate of CA-125 reduction was significantly lower in older participants’ ages (r=0.274, P = 0.017). Survival time showed a significant and strong negative correlation with the CA-125 levels before (r=-0.363, P = 0.003) and after NACT (r=-0.383, P = 0.002). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between survival time and chemotherapy courses (r=-0.363, P = 0.003) and age (r=-0.474, P = 0.000).

Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the clinical outcomes of patients with advanced ovarian cancer can be predicted by a decrease in serum CA-125 levels after NACT.