Methods: A comprehensive search was performed using Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases. Studies on multiple preconception health indicators were included based on predefined levels of inclusion criteria. Data was extracted, charted, and synthesized to identify key indicators and their influences on reproductive health.

Results: The qualitative synthesis included 31 studies. The review identified critical biomedical indicators, such as preconception folic acid (FA) supplementation, preventing 69% of neural tube defects (NTDs) worldwide. Other indicators included managing metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, autoimmune conditions, and vaccination coverage. Behavioral indicators stressed reducing tobacco use, promoting physical activity, and supporting mental health. Social indicators focused on access to health care, health literacy, education, and socioeconomic stability. Additionally, paternal PCC and genetic counseling are vital for optimizing pregnancy outcomes. Women lacking social support face significant health risks during pregnancy and implementing social support systems can reduce maternal death rates and improve reproductive health.

Conclusions: Improving maternal and child health measures requires addressing preconception health indicators using comprehensive care programs. Chronic condition interventions should focus on management, promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors, nutrition, and access to healthcare services. Paternal PCC and genetic counseling can be added as valuable measures.